BY A SLOW LEARNER

A SLOW LEARNER SAID:

Why so many silent alphabets in english words, like in -

BRIDGE; BOAT; BOMB; COMB; DEPOT; DEBT; 
DAUGHTER; HIGH; KNIFE; KNEE; KNOWLEDGE; KNIGHT; KNOW; OFTEN; PSYCHOLOGY; PRONOUNCIATION; PEOPLE; SCHOOL; SIGN; WATCH; WRITE etc .....

Why same alphabet should be pronounced in different manner, like in - 
BUT     PUT  CUT;
BALL    BALE;
BOTH    BOTHER;  
BUS     BUSH; 
BOMB    BORE; 
BIT     BITE;
CAR     CARE;    

COME    CONE; 

COME    COMB;

CAME    CAT;

COLE    COAL;
CUT     CUTE;
DON     DONE;

EAR     EARN;
FAR     FARE;
FAT     FATE;
FILM    FINE     FILL   FIRST  FIST;
FOR     FORCE; 
GOT     GOAT;
HER     HERE;
HUG     HUMOUR;
HOP     HOPE;
KITE    KING    KILL   KISS  KIND; 
KEEN    KEPT; 
MOVE    MOTION;
MAT     MATE;
NO      NONE; 
NOT     NOTE;
PIN     PINE;
POLE    POOL; 
RID     RIDE;
READ    READ [pastence;]
READ    READY;
RAT     RATE;
STATE   STAR  SAME  SAM;
SON     SOAP;
SPIN    SPINE; 
SO      SONG     SOON;
SIT     SITE; 
TON     TONE;
TRACE   TRACK;
TWO          TWIN;
TAP     TAPE;
TUB     TUBE;

US      USE          etc....

Why the pronounciation is similar in some words with different alphabets and meanings, like in - 


ARE - OR
BEEN - BEAN
BY - BYE - BUY
BREAK  - BRAKE
EYES - ICEFOR - FUR
FARM  - FORM 
GREAT - GRATE
HERE - HEAR
I -EYE
KNEW - NEW
LIGHT  - LITE
LIVE - LEAVE
MEAT - MEET
NO - KNOW
NIGHT - KNIGHT
OUR - HOUR
OF - OFF
PEER - PEAR
PEAK - PEEK
RIGHT - WRITE
SIGHT - SITE - CITE
SEA - SEE
SENT - CENT
SON - SUN
STEEL  - STEAL
SO   -  SOW
SUM  -   SOME
THOUGH - TOUGH
TO - TWO
TIRE -  TYRE
WEAR - WHERE
WHOLE - HOLE
WEIGHT  - WAIT
WHOLE -  HOLE 
WEEK - WEAK 
YOU - U                  etc.....

This really troubles me.